The Second Sophistic was a period of time that ranged roughly from 50-250 AD in the Roman Empire. The themes cover Graeco-Roman identity as seen through three historic Greek writers who lived under Roman rule, Plutarch, Arrian, and Lucian. Some of the sophists served Rome others constructively criticized the empire and her emperors. This papers themes include: Graeco-Roman history, literature, philosophy, sophistry, and some literary theory involving cultural identity. The paper includes an extensive bibliography that may help guide to further study in the area.