Peace and bread in time of war
CHAPTER I.
AT THE BEGINNING OF THE GKEAT WAK.
When the news came to America of the open-
ing hostilities which were the beginning of the
European Conflict, the reaction against war, as
such, was almost instantaneous throughout the
country. This was most strikingly registered in
the newspaper cartoons and comments which ex-
pressed astonishment that such an archaic institu-
tion should be revived in modern Europe. A pro
cession of women led by the daughter of William
Lloyd Garrison walked the streets of New York
City in protest against war and the sentiment thus
e^qiressed, if not the march itself, was universally
approved by the press.
Certain professors, with the full approval of
their universities, set forth with clarity and some-
times with poignancy the connction that a war
would inevitably interrupt all orderly sodal ad-
ranee and at its end the long march of ciialization
would have to be taken up ag»n much nearer to
the crude beginnings of human progress.
The Carnegie Endowment sent several people
lecturing through the country upon the history of
the Peace movement and the various instru-
mentalities designed to be used in a war crisis such
as this. I lectured in twelve of the leading col-
leges, where I found the audiences of young
people both large and eager. The questions
which they put were often penetrating, sometimes
touching or wistful, but almost never bellicose or
antagonistic. Doubdess there were many stu-
dents of the more belligerent type who did not at-
tend the lectures and occasionally a professor, in-
variably one of the older men, rose in the audience
to uphold the traditional glories of warfare. I
also recall a tea under the shadow of Columbia
which was divided into two spirited camps, but I'
think on the whole it is fair to say that in the fall
of 1914 the young people tn a dozen of the lead-
ing colleges of the East were eager for knowledge
as to all the international devices which had been
established for substituting rational negotiation
for war. There seemed to have been a somewhat
general reading of Brailsford's "War of Steel and
Gold" and of Norman Angell's "Great Illusion."
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