Contents:
An Introduction To The 19th Century
William IV
Sir Robert Peel
Cavour
Czar Nicholas
Louis Napoleon
Otto Von Bismarck
William Ewart Gladstone
Sample Text:
Chapter One
William IV
1765-1837
ENGLISH REFORMS
On the death of George IV in 1830, a new political era dawned on England. His brother, William IV, who succeeded him, was not his equal in natural ability, but was more respectable in his character and more liberal in his views. With William IV began the undisputed ascendency of the House of Commons in national affairs. Before his day, no prime minister could govern against the will of the sovereign. After George IV, as in France under Louis Philippe, "the king reigned, but did not govern." The chief of the ascendent political party was the real ruler.
When William IV ascended the throne the Tories were still in power, and were hostile to reform. But the agitations and discontents of the latter days of George IV had made the ministry unpopular. Great political reformers had arisen, like Lords Grey, Althorp, and Russell, and great orators like Henry Brougham and Macaulay, who demanded a change in the national policy. The social evils which stared everybody in the face were a national disgrace; they made the boasted liberty of the English a mockery. There was an unparalleled distress among the laboring classes, especially in the mining and manufacturing districts. The price of labor had diminished, while the price of bread had increased. So wretched was the condition of the poor that there were constant riots and insurrections, especially in large towns...
N.B. "A Few Brief Biographies Of Nineteenth Century European Statesmen" was originally published as "Beacon Lights Of History, Volume 10."
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