US Army Training Circular, TC 2-22.601, Army Counter-Radio Controlled Improvised Explosive Device Electronic Warfare Handbook, 9 April 2008, military manuals
Preface
This Training Circular (TC) provides guidance concerning the implementation of the Army’s Counter-Radio Controlled Improvised Explosive Device Electronic Warfare (CREW) program. This publication does not replace technical manuals for the individual CREW systems, but outlines roles and responsibilities for tactical commanders, electronic warfare officers (EWOs), and noncommissioned officers (NCOs) supporting operations in various theaters.
To make this publication useful to all Soldiers involved in combat operations, regardless of where these operations may occur, the guidance contained herein is broad in scope and involves principles applicable to various theaters. Even though this TC is not designed to focus on one specific region or country, the most recent experience comes from the Iraq and Afghanistan theaters of operation.
This TC––
• Was quickly developed to immediately fill a gap in existing knowledge on how to implement a
CREW program.
• Provides guidance for commanders and staff in planning, preparing for, executing, and assessing
radio-controlled improvised explosive device (RCIED) environments.
• Outlines the critical roles and responsibilities of the CREW EWO.
• Introduces the term “CREW” into doctrine.
This TC includes an overview of the operational environment and the threat’s use of RCIEDs as one of their weapons of choice. It briefly discusses basic electronic warfare (EW) principles, and defines the role of the Army EWO and staff in planning and employing CREW systems. CREW system specifics are listed in the appendixes as follows:
• Appendix A – Army Warlock CREW Systems.
• Appendix B – Non-Warlock CREW Systems.
• Appendix C – CREW Antennas.
• Appendix D – CREW Compatibility.
• Appendix E – Additional Sources of Information.
• Appendix F – Training Strategy.
This TC is the second-phased publication from the US Army Intelligence Center and Fort Huachuca (USAIC&FH) to address combating threat IED operations. The first phase was released as TC 2-91.701, Intelligence Analytical Support to Counter IED Operations.
Contents
Page
PREFACE v
INTRODUCTIONvii
Chapter 1 FUNDAMENTALS 1-1
Operational Environment 1-1
Irregular Warfare 1-1
Improvised Explosive Device . 1-2
Radio Controlled Improvised Explosive Device . 1-2
Counter-Radio Controlled Improvised Explosive Device Electronic Warfare 1-3
Chapter 2 ELECTRONIC WARFARE AND CREW BASICS. 2-1
Electronic Warfare 2-1
The Electromagnetic Spectrum 2-3
Radio Communications 2-5
Defensive Electronic Attack Components 2-6
Chapter 3 PLANNING RESPONSIBILITIES FOR CREW EMPLOYMENT. 3-1
Electronic Warfare Officer 3-1
Basic Electronic Warfare Officer CREW Responsibilities 3-1
Spectrum Management 3-2
Crew and Electronic Warfare Staff Planning 3-4
CREW Threat Load Process 3-5
Contents
Chapter 4 CREW COMPATIBILITY AND COMMUNICATION ALTERNATIVES4-1
Compatibility4-1
Frequency Deconfliction .4-3
Communications Alternatives .4-3
Chapter 5 CREW EMPLOYMENT CONSIDERATIONS.5-1
Pre-Convoy Measures 5-1
Convoy Measures with CREW .5-2
Post-Convoy Activities 5-10
Appendix A ARMY WARLOCK CREW SYSTEMS A-1
Appendix B ARMY WARLOCK CREW SYSTEMS B-1
Appendix C CREW ANTENNAS. C-1
Appendix D CREW COMPATIBILITY. D-1
Appendix E ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION . E-1
Appendix F TRAINING STRATEGYF-1
GLOSSARY Glossary-1
REFERENCES References-1
INDEX. Index-1
Figures
Figure 2-1. Electronic warfare overview 2-2
Figure 2-2. The electromagnetic spectrum 2-3
Figure 2-3. Visual example of different frequencies 2-4
Figure 2-4. Federal government spectrum usage example 2-4
Figure 2-5. Example of a transmitter/receiver (appliance controller). 2-6
Figure 2-6. Jamming illustration. 2-8
Figure 2-7. Example of barrage jamming 2-9
Figure 2-8. Example of sweep jamming 2-9
Figure 2-9. Examples of high-power threats (cell phones) 2-10
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