MORTARS, FM 23-90, and TECHNICAL ORDER 11W2-5-13-21
This publication prescribes guidance for leaders and crewmen of mortar squads and platoons. It is concerned with the problems of mortar crew training. It presents practical solutions to assist in the timely delivery of accurate mortar fires but does not discuss all possible situations. Local requirements may dictate minor variations from the methods and techniques described herein. However, principles should not be
violated by modification of techniques and methods.
The scope of this publication includes mortar crew training at squad and section levels. The 60-mm mortar, M224; 81-mm mortar, M29A1; 81-mm mortar, M252; 4.2-inch (107-mm) mortar, M30; and 120-mm mortar, M120, are discussed herein to include nomenclature, sighting, equipment, characteristics, capabilities, ammunition, and maintenance.
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
Section I. General Doctrine
1-1. Effective Mortar Fire
1-2. Mortar Positions
Section II. Indirect Fire Team
1-3. Applications
1-4. Team Mission
Section III. Safety Procedures
1-5. Duties of the Safety Officer and Supervisory Personnel
1-6. Ammunition Care and Handling
1-7. Field Storage of Ammunition
CHAPTER 2. SIGHTING AND FIRE CONTROL EQUIPMENT
Section I. Compass, M2
2-1. Characteristics
2-2. Description
2-3. Use
Section II. Aiming Circles, M2 and M2A2 Characteristics
2-5. Description
2-6. Use
2-7. Accessory Equipment
2-8. Setup and Leveling of Aiming Circle
2-9. Declination Constant
2-10. Orienting of the Instrument on Grid North to Measure
Grid Azimuth to Objects
2-11. Measurement of Horizontal Angle Between Two Points
2-12. Orienting of the 0-3200 Line on a Given Grid Azimuth
2-13. Orienting of the 0-3200 Line on a Given
Magnetic Azimuth
2-14. Verifying the Lay of the Platoon
2-15. Orienting by Orienting Angle
2-16. Disassembly of Aiming Circle
2-17. Care and Maintenance
Section III. Sightunits
2-18. Sightunit, M53-Series
2-19. Operation of M53 Sightunit
2-20. Care and Maintenance of M53 Sightunit
2-21. Sightunit, M64-Series
2-22. Sightunit, M67
Section IV. Boresights
2-23. Boresight, M45-Series
2-24. Boresight, M115
2-25. Principles of Operation
2-26. Installation
2-27. Sight Calibration
2-28. Boresight Method of Calibration
2-29. Calibration for Deflection Using the M2 Aiming Circle
Section V. Other Equipment
2-30. Instrument Light, M53E1
2-31. Aiming Posts, M14 and M1A2
2-32. Aiming Post Lights, M58 and M59
Section VI. Laying the Section
2-33. Reciprocal Laying
2-34. Reciprocal Laying on a Grid Azimuth
2-35. Reciprocal Laying on a Magnetic Azimuth
2-36. Reciprocal Laying Using the Orienting Angle
2-37. Reciprocal Laying Using the Mortar Sights
2-38. Reciprocal Laying Using the M2 Compass
2-39. Placing Out Aiming Posts
2-40. Alternate Method of Placing Out Aiming Posts
2-41. Correction for Displacement of Sight
Section VII. Loading and Firing
2-42. Firing the Mortar
2-43. Target Engagement
2-44. Execution of Fire Commands
2-45. Arm-and-Hand Signals
2-46. Subsequent Fire Commands
2-47. Repeating and Correcting of Fire Commands
2-48. Reporting of Errors in Firing
2-49. Night Firing
CHAPTER 3. 60-mm MORTAR, M224
Section I. Squad and Section Organization and Duties
3-1. Organization
3-2. Duties
Section II. Components
3-3. Tabulated Data
3-4. Cannon Assembly, M225
3-5. Baseplate, M7
3-6. Baseplate, M8
3-7. Bipod Assembly, M170
Section III. Operation
3-8. Premount Checks
3-9. Mounting of the Mortar
3-10. Safety Checks Before Firing
3-11. Small Deflection and Elevation Changes
3-12. Large Deflection and Elevation Changes
3-13. Referring of the Sight and Realignment of Aiming Posts
3-14. Malfunctions
3-15. Removal of a Misfire
3-16. Dismounting and Carrying of the Mortar
Section IV. Ammunition
3-17. Classification
3-18. Color Codes
3-19. Preparation of Ammunition
3-20. Types of Fuzes
3-21. Standard B Ammunition
3-22.
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