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PREFACE Chapter 1 INTRODUCTIONTraining Strategy Gunnery Standards Gunnery TablesReadiness ReportingMaster Gunner Program Weapons Training StandardsChapter 2 HELICOPTER GUNNERY TRAINING STRATEGYSection I – Training Assessment and Planning The Commander’s Assessment Planning the TrainingEffective Assessment and TrainingSection II – Pregunnery Training Subject Areas and Techniques Table V Section III – Helicopter Gunnery Range TrainingQualification Gates Individual GatesCrew Simulator/Ground Training Gates Simulator/Ground Training GatesCrew Live-Fire Gates Engagement Scoring SystemScoring CriteriaEngagement ScoringScoring Moving Engagements Scoring Hellfire Engagements With the VRS and AVTR Remote Hellfire Engagement ScoringSection IV – Posttraining AssessmentAfter-Action ReviewRequired DocumentsRange Score SheetChapter 3 RANGES FOR HELICOPTER GUNNERY TRAINING Range ConsiderationsRealistic Training Operational Requirements Range Scheduling Section II – Personnel Responsibilities and DutiesOfficer in Charge Range Safety Officer Master GunnerLaser Range Safety Officer or NCORadio Operators Class-III/-V OIC or NCOIC Section III – Helicopter Gunnery Range Safety Ground Safety Firing Safety Aircraft Emergency PlanSection IV – Range Layout ConsiderationsMultipurpose Range ComplexAerial Weapons Scoring SystemAttack Helicopter Gunnery RangeSection V – Successful TrainingBrief Key PersonnelStart on TimeKeep a Log Change Guards Police ContinuouslyBrief Visitors Plan Aircraft EvacuationChapter 4 BALLISTICS Interior Ballistics Exterior Ballistics Aerial Ballistics Terminal BallisticsDispersionApache-Specific Ballistic Considerations Chapter 5 MUNITIONS FOR HELICOPTER WEAPON SYSTEMSSection I – Linked AmmunitionTypes of 7.62-Millimeter Ammunition for the M60/M60D/M240 Machine Gun Types of .50-Caliber Ammunition for the OH-58D Kiowa WarriorTypes of 30-Millimeter Ammunition for the AH-64 M230 CannonSection II – Rockets2.75-Inch RocketsRocket Warheads (Tactical and Training)FuzesSection III – MissilesMissile ConfigurationsSemiactive Laser Hellfire Missile Performance Capabilities Semiactive Laser Hellfire Missile Performance Detractors Radar Frequency Hellfire Missile Characteristics and Performance Air-to-Air StingerChapter 6 CREW WARFIGHTINGSection I – Fratricide Prevention Situational Awareness Detractors Contributing Factors Effects of FratricideFratricide Prevention Measures Section II – Target AcquisitionAcquisition DefinedTarget-Acquisition Process Crew SearchAerial Search Techniques Techniques for Crew SearchTarget Detection Target-Detection ChallengesTarget LocationTarget ClassificationConfirmation Section III – Range Determination Methods of Range DeterminationAircraft Mil ValuesLaser-off OperationsSection IV – Crew CommunicationStandardizing Crew CommunicationFire CommandsLines of Communications PhraseologyRemote Hellfire Missile FiringRemote Call for Fire Call-for-Fire DescriptionSection V – Checks on TrainingPrecombat Checks Before-Mission Receipt ChecksUpon-Mission Receipt ChecksPreparing for the Mission Final ChecksCrew Checks Run-up ChecksCommunications CheckPracticingChapter 7 ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUESSection I – Modes and Types of Fire Types of FireModes of FireSection II – Terminology and Information on Weapons Effective Range 2-75-Inch RocketsBoresighting and Dynamic Harmonization Section III – Crew TechniquesFiring TechniquesTactics, Techniques, and Procedures for the Modes of Fire Section IV – Air Combat WeaponeeringWeapon Systems Engagement RangesTarget-Engagement Factors