Night flight has assumed an increasingly important role in Army aviation. The Threat trains around the clock. To counter it, aviators must be able to conduct operations at night as well as during the day. Technological advances in night vision devices are enabling Army aviation to extend its operational capability to a 24 hour-a-day schedule. Ongoing improvements to these devices will further enhance aircrew performance during night operations.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE
CHAPTER 1 NIGHT VISION
1-1. Night Vision Evaluation
1-2. Eye Anatomy and Physiology
1-3. Light Levels
1-4. Vision Types
1-5. Day Versus Night Vision
1-6. Visual Problems
1-7. Dark Adaptation
1-8. Night Vision Protection
1-9. Self-Imposed Stress
1-10. Scanning Techniques
1-11. Distance Estimation and Depth Perception
1-12. Visual Illusions
1-13. Aircraft Design Limitations
1-14. Nerve Agents and Night Vision (Miosis)
CHAPTER 2 AVIATION NIGHT VISION AIDS
Section I IMAGE-INTENSIFIER SYSTEMS
2-1. Development
2-2. Operational Theory
2-3. AN/PVS-5 Series
2-4. AN/AVS-6
2-5. Adjustment Techniques
2-6. Operational Considerations
Section II THERMAL-IMAGING SYSTEMS
2-7. Operational Principles
2-8. System Types
2-9. Infrared Characteristics
2-10. Operational Considerations
CHAPTER 3 HEMISPHERICAL ILLUMINATION AND METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
3-1. Light Sources
3-2. Meteorological Effects
CHAPTER 4 TERRAIN INTERPRETATION
4-1. Visual Recognition Cues
4-2. Interpretation Factors
CHAPTER 5 NIGHT OPERATIONS
Section I PREMISSION PLANNING
5-1. Mission Briefing and Debriefing
5-2. Crew Duties
5-3. Common Terminology
Section II PREFLIGHT GUIDELINES
5-4. Preflight Inspection
5-5. Aircraft Lighting
5-6. Aircrew Preparation
Section III NIGHT FLIGHT TECHNIQUES
5-7. Limitations
5-8. Hover
5-9. Takeoff
5-10. En Route
5-11. Landing
5-12. Pathfinder Operations
5-13. External Load Operations
Section IV EMERGENCY AND SAFETY PROCEDURES
5-14. Basic Considerations
5-15. Electrical Failure
5-16. Airport Traffic Control Light Signals
5-17. Visual Night Signals
5-18. Emergency Landing
5-19. Ground Safety
5-20. Air Safety
5-21. Airspace Management
CHAPTER 6 NIGHT TERRAIN FLIGHT
Section I TERRAIN FLIGHT MODES AND COMMAND CONSIDERATIONS
6-1. Terrain Flight Modes
6-2. Command Considerations
Section II PLANNING GUIDELINES
6-3. General Considerations
6-4. Cockpit Teamwork and Coordination
6-5. Aircraft Preparation and Equipment
6-6. Maps and Visual Aids
6-7. General Route and Air Control Point Planning
6-8. Aided Night Mission Map Preparation
6-9. Aided Night Mission Planning and Briefings
6-10. Route Planning Cards
CHAPTER 7 MULTIHELICOPTER OPERATIONS
Section I CONSIDERATIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
7-1. Planning Considerations
7-2. Supported Ground Unit Commander Responsibilities
7-3. Air Mission or Flight Commander Responsibilities
Section II NIGHT FLIGHT FORMATIONS
7-4. Aircraft Separation
7-5. Night Formations
7-6. Basic Night Formation Considerations
7-7. Formation Takeoff
7-8. Lead Changes
7-9. Formation Changes
7-10. Rendezvous and Join-Up Procedures
7-11. Formation Breakup
7-12. Formation Landing
7-13. Vertical Helicopter IFR Recovery Procedures
Section III TACTICAL FORMATION FLIGHT
7-14. Free-Cruise Technique
7-15. Movement Techniques
7-16. Crew Teamwork
7-17. Mixed Aircraft Formations
CHAPTER 8 FIXED-WING NIGHT FLYING
8-1. Preparation
8-2. Taxi, Takeoff, and Departure Climb
8-3. Orientation and Navigation
8-4. Approaches and Landings
CHAPTER 9 DROP FLARE EMPLOYMENT
9-1. Target Identification
9-2. Description
9-3. Fuze Setting
9-4. Launch Procedures
9-5. Flight Pattern
9-6. Wind-Drift Correction
9-7. Linear Target Illumination
9-8. Safety Considerations
9-9. Training Program
APPENDIX A. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
APPENDIX B. I2 SYSTEM COUNTERWEIGHTS
APPENDIX C. PNVS FLIR
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